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Archived from the original on 8 November 2009

Evaluation of cancer risk in tobacco chewers and smokers: An epidemiologic assessment

Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), particularly N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), which are present at high concentrations in most smokeless tobacco products, are classified as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (28)

PMC 2548770

WHO has been monitoring MPOWER measures since 2007 and issues annual reports with details on progress made in implementing them, at global, regional and country levels

The chief difference, he notes, is that Zyn is sold by Philip Morris, the global cigarette giant and a longtime foe of anti-smoking groups